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Historic Vandalia IL85
Vandalia was the second capitol of Illinois, 1820-1839. Here met the General Assembly, the Supreme Court, and the Federal Courts. Abraham Lincoln served in the House of Representatives 1834-1839, and Stephen A. Douglas 1836-1837.
First State Capitol, 1820-1823 IL83
1820 ~ 1823 The first capitol building owned by the State was erected on this site. It was a thirty by forty feet two-story frame structure. The Second and Third Illinois General Assemblies met here, the House on the first floor and the Senate on the second. This building was destroyed by fire on December 9, 1823.
Thy Wondrous Story, Illinois IL77
The fertile prairies in Illinois attracted the attention of French trader Louis Jolliet and Father Jacques Marquette as they explored the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers in 1673. France claimed this region until 1763 when she surrendered it to Great Britain by the Treaty of Paris. During the American Revolution George Rogers Clark and his small army scored a bloodless victory when they captured Kaskaskia for the Commonwealth of Virginia, and Illinois became a county of Virginia. This was ceded to the United States in 1784, and became in turn a part of the Northwest Territory and the Indiana and Illinois Territories. On December 3, 1818, Illinois entered the Union as the twenty-first state. US 36 touches six counties which were part of the Eighth Judicial Circuit. From 1839 to 1860 Abraham Lincoln followed the court as it moved from county seat to county seat within the circuit. Thus, he came to such cities as Paris, Sullivan, Monticello, Decatur, and Springfield for the bi-annual terms. West of Decatur this highway passes near the Lincoln Trail Homestead State Park on the banks of the Sangamon River. This was the site of the first Lincoln home in Illinois when the family came from Indiana in 1830. The following spring Thomas Lincoln moved to Coles County and Abraham moved on to New Salem, 20 miles northwest of Springfield. US 36 passes through Springfield where Lincoln's home and tomb are state memorials. Springfield is also the site of the Old State Capitol where Lincoln delivered his famous 'House Divided' speech.
First Missouri State Capitol MO45
On Aug. 10, 1821, Missouri became the 24th state in the United States. Peck Row in St. Charles served as the temporary Capitol of Missouri for just over five years, from 1821 to 1826. The promise of free rent, spacious accommodations, close proximity to St. Louis, and access to Boone's Lick Road brought the capital to St. Charles. Meanwhile the permanent capital of Jefferson City was being constructed in the middle of the state. In 1820, as part of the "Missouri Compromise," Missouri and Maine tried to enter the United States together to preserve the balance between slave states and free states. Maine became a state immediately. Missouri's constitution prohibited the entrance of "free Negroes and mulattos" into the state. That clause violated interstate travel clauses in the U. S. constitution, so Missouri's constitution was rejected. In a special session, the legislature began meeting in St. Charles and made corrections to the state constitution (the "Solemn Public Oath"). After a 17-month ordeal, Missouri became a state. While in St. Charles, the legislature passed the "Solemn Public Oath," abolished debtors' prison, created the state seal and chose Jefferson City to be Missouri's permanent capital. Charles Peck, Ruluff Peck and his wife, Adeline, and Chauncy Shepherd owned the Capitol building in St. Charles. The rooms were rented, not owned, by the state. The legislative rooms, governor's office, and the Peck store and residence have been restored to period style. The buildings were privately owned until Missouri bought them in 1961. After ten years of restoration, the Capitol re-opened as the First Missouri State Capitol State Historical Site. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources administers the historic site, which is open to the public year-round. [Photos (from left to right) Alexander McNair, Frederick Bates, Abraham Williams (not pictured) and John Miller served as governors while the capital was St. Charles.] [Right half of marker is photos of the (background) 1st Capitol today, and it appears much as it did in 1820; Map of counties as they were then with location of permanent capital; House chambers; the earliest know photo of the First capitol building taken in the 1860's.]
St. Charles MO38
First permanent settlement on the Missouri River, known as Les Petites Cotes (Fr. Little Hills) until after dedication of Church of St. Charles Borromeo, 1791. Though 1780 is is given as date of founding French-Canadian Louis Blanchette first settled here in 1769. The area was first settled by the French and later largely by Americans and Germans. Prominent early settlers were Daniel Boone and his family. Some 25 miles southwest is home of Boone's son Nathan. The Boone's Lick Trail and Salt Lick Trail began at St. Charles. During the War of 1812 military activity in Missouri centered at Portage des Sioux, a 1799 French settlement, 14 miles northeast. In Fort Zumwalt State Park, 20 miles west, stand the remains of one of many family forts on the area erected against Indian attacks. Here were established the first school of the Sacred Heart in the U.S., 1818, by Mother Duchesne; Baptist and Presbyterian churches, 1818; first Masonic lodge north of Missouri River, 1819; a town academy, chartered, 1820; a newspaper, "The Missourian," 1820; and the Methodist St. Charles College, chartered, 1837. St. Charles was made the temporary State capital, 1821-1826, by act of the First General Assembly, meeting in St. Louis, 1820. Here the Legislature, by affirming in a "Solemn Public Act" that the rights of any U.S. citizen would not be abridged, met the final Congressional requirement for statehood. Debate over the slavery issue that greeted Missouri's petition for statehood resolved itself in the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Slavery was prohibited north of 36° 30' except in Missouri. On Aug. 10, 1821, Missouri became the 24th state. Near here is the junction of the Missouri and Mississippi. Marquette and Jolliet noted this point, 1673, and here the Lewis and Clark Expedition began its ascent of the Missouri, 1804. Three Bridges cross the Missouri and two the Mississippi in St. Charles County. Seat of justice for one of Missouri's 5 counties, earlier one of 5 Spanish districts, St. Charles serves a farming and industrial area. Here are the old Capital; Sacred Heart Convent; St. Charles Borromeo Cemetery; and Lindenwood College, chartered, 1835, founded earlier by George and Mary Sibley, one of the oldest schools for women in Mississippi Valley.
Piney Grove and the Southalls V38
During the 18th century this property was established as a Southall family seat. Notable family members include James Barrett Southall, owner of Williamsburg’s Raleigh Tavern, Turner Southall, member of the committee to build Thomas Jefferson’s Virginia Capitol, and historian Douglas Southall Freeman. Furneaus Southall constructed the original log part of the structure, later known as Piney Grove, about 1800 as a corncrib on his 300-acre plantation. Southall’s was home to his family and 18 slaves. He was a grandson of family patriach John Southall and served on the county Committee of Safety with John Tyler and Benjamin Harrison.
Old Isle of Wight Courthouse K316
Smithfield served as the county seat from 1752 to 1801. The Old Isle of Wight courthouse was built in 1752. Constructed by William Rand, it is one of Virginia’s few surviving colonial court structures and is notable for having a semicircular apse with a conical roof, reflective of the Colonial Capitol in Williamsburg. Converted into a residence in 1812, the courthouse was acquired by the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities in 1938 and restored to its original appearance. A nearby house was converted into a tavern for the courthouse village by Rand around 1756; it was modified and enlarged over the years and is now known as the Smithfield Inn.
Last Confederate Capitol Q-5a
This, the former home of Major W.T. Sutherlin, is regarded as the last capitol of the Confederacy, April 3-10, 1865. Here President Davis stayed and here was held the last full cabinet meeting, Breckingridge alone being absent. The establishment of the Confederate government in Danville ended when the news of Lee’s surrender arrived on April 10. 1939.
Woodlawn E66
Originally part of the Mount Vernon estate, Woodlawn was built in 1800-1805. George Washington gave the plantation, as a wedding gift to Eleanor Parke Nelly Custis and her husband, Lawrence Lewis, respectively Martha Washington’s granddaughter and George Washington’s nephew. The two were married at Mount Vernon on 22 Feb. 1799, George Washington’s last birthday. Designed by Dr. William Thornton, the first architect of the U.S. Capitol, the crisply detailed, beautifully crafted five- part mansion displays the elegance and refinement so admired in the Federal style. In 1951, Woodland became the first historic site of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.
Second Manassas Campaign Stuart's Catlett Station Raid C58
On 22 Aug. 1862, Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart led his cavalry on a raid behind Union Maj. Gen. John Pope’s army. Stuart crossed the Rappahannock River at Waterloo Bridge, two miles west, then rode around Pope’s right flank just north of here to attack Catlett Station on the Orange & Alexandria Railroad after dark. The raid did little damage but Stuart captured Pope’s colorful dress uniform coat. Stuart, who earlier had lost his plumed hat to Union cavalry, soon wrote Pope suggesting an exhange of prisoners. Receiving no reply, Stuart sent the coat to Richmond, where Gov. John Letcher displayed it in the Capitol. Display # 41 - 50 of 205 |