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Camp Mabry TX11810
The original 85-acre tract (gift of Austin citizen's in 1892) was the site of annual encampments for the Texas Volunteer Guard, an elite militia constituted in 1876. Because larger maneuver, parade, and drill areas were needed. The guardsmen worked actively to acquire more land. With state and federal purchases, the camp at its largest consisted of over 430 acres. By vote of guardsmen, the camp was named in 1898 for Adjutant General Woodford Haywood Mabry (1856-1899), who provided forceful leadership for the militia. In 1914 (after the National Guard was created 1906) the state of Texas built an arsenal here for stores formerly held in the capitol. This was a campsite for United States Army during the first world war, and was principal site until 1928 for annual guard encampments. During World War II, it was an ordnance engine rebuild station for the United States Army. For many years, Texas Department of Public Safety patrolmen were trained at Camp Mabry; Texas Rangers had their training command here until 1953. This has been headquarters since 1954 for the state Adjutant General. Other post installations include Texas Army National Guard state office candidate school and the U.S. Property and Fiscal office and warehouse.
Elisabet Ney TX11808
World-renowned sculptor; lived 35 years in Texas, where she executed works of many noted citizens. Born in Muenster, Westphalia, Germany, Elisabet grew up beautiful, talented, and self-willed. At 19 she began to study at the Academy of Arts, Munich, where her skill and charm brought many admirers, and her strong opinions made some think her eccentric. Before she was 30, Elisabet had produced statues of German royalty and many European statesmen. In 1863 she married Dr. Edmund Montgomery, whom she had met as a young medical student from Scotland. In 1870 they moved to the United States and in 1872, to Texas, which they liked for its vastness and its high regard for freedom. They purchased the famous Liendo Plantation in present Waller County and there reared two sons, only one of whom lived to adulthood. In 1892 Elisabet built this studio, "Formosa", in which to execute statues of Stephen F. Austin and Sam Houston for the Texas exhibit at the 1893 World Fair. The statues now stand in the State Capitol. Here she also did a recumbent statue of military leader Albert Sidney Johnston, which lies over his grave at the State Cemetery in Austin. Elisabet Ney and Dr. Montgomery are both buired at Liendo.
Elvira T. Manor Davis House TX11803
Elvira T. Manor Davis (1841-1918) was reared in east Travis County near present-day Manor, Texas. Named for her father, she married Blackstone H. Davis whose family-owned quarry supplied stone for the 1853 Texas capitol. Elvira, widowed and the mother of six, bought this lot in 1896 and the house was built by 1904. The porch columns, balustrade, and bay window represent a transition from victorian-era to classical revival design. Davis lived here until 1918.
Secession Convention at Cassville MO490
A State Divided: CIVIL WAR IN MISSOURI Between 1855 and 1884, there stood on this square, a two-story brick courthouse that was known as Missouri's "second Confederate capitol." It was here that members of the state legislature gathered between October 29 and November 7, 1861, to complete a legislative agenda that they had begun the preceding week in Neosho. In Neosho the General Assembly had passed an ordinance dissolving Missouri's tie to the United States and another bill ratifying the provisional constitution of the Confederate States of America. At Cassville, the assembly set to work reorganizing the State Guard, selecting representatives to the Confederate Congress, and attending to other business. In Union eyes, the members who assembled here, perhaps not enough to constitute a quorum, were part of a fugitive and illegal legislature. They had been driven from the capital, at Jefferson City, by Federal troops on June 15, 1861. Six weeks later a state convention met in the capital and declared the offices of the governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, and all seats in the General Assembly vacant. Hamilton Gamble was appointed to fill the office of provisional governor of Union-held Missouri. The Convention, without reference to any known constitutional precedent, then proceeded to establish a provisional government that would rule the state until elections could be held, which, as it turned out, was not until November 1864. EXTRA SESSION OF THE REBEL LEGISLATURE CALLED TOGETHER BY A PROCLAMATION OF WAR
"The Federal authorities have for months past in violation of the Constitution of the United States, waged a ruthless war upon the people of the State of Missouri, murdering our citizens, destroying our property, and...desolating our land. War now exists between the State of Missouri and the Federal Government..." Following their mid-June expulsion from the capital, the secessionist legislators who followed Gov. Claiborne Jackson to Neosho and Cassville were in a state of limbo. They were at war with the United States but not yet a part of the Confederacy. The approximately 10,000 state guard troops under Jackson and Major General Sterling Price marched against the Yankees under a flag of the State of Missouri, not the Stars and Bars of the Confederacy. Jackson knew that his only hope of driving the Federals from Missouri soil and regaining the capital lay with joining the Confederacy. While members of the State Convention met in Jefferson City to unseat Jackson and launch the provisional government, Jackson, himself, was in Richmond conferring with Confederate president, Jefferson Davis. Prior to this meeting, Jefferson Davis had been reluctant to aid Missouri until the state formally seeded from the Union. After meeting with Jackson, he softened his position to the extent of promising money to pay the State Guard troops as soon as such funds could be appropriated by the Confederate Congress. Confederate troops from Arkansas and Louisiana also assisted the Missouri State Guard in gaining a significant victory at the Battle of Wilson's Creek on August 10, 1861. This triumph was followed the next month by another morale boosting State Guard victory at Lexington (September 18-20, 1861). But Jackson still lacked any kind of formal offensive-defensive treaty of alliance with the Confederacy. And he was still hoping for a Confederate invasion into Missouri to wrest the state from Union domination. With this in mind, Jackson issued a call from Lexington for the General Assembly to meet in special session at Neosho on October 21. A few days later, the Confederate Congress passed an act that authorized President Davis to cooperate with Jackson by offering the use of Confederate troops. At the same time it recognized the Jackson government as legally constituted with authority to ratify the Confederate Constitution. Once this ratification was accomplished, Missouri would be admitted into the Confederacy on an equal footing with the eleven other seceded states. This General Assembly in exile convened at Neosho on October 21, 1861, and after waiting a week to secure a quorum, decided on October 28 to proceed with business, quorum or not. On that day, the assembly passed the secession ordinance and ratified the Confederate Constitution. The next day, the members adjourned to meet at Cassville two days hence. The shift to Cassville was necessitated by the advance of Union General John C. Fremont and a large Federal army on Springfield. To distance himself from Fremont's superior force, Gen. Sterling Price decided to move his forces to Cassville. Cassville had been the county seat of Barry County since 1845 and was located in the road from Springfield, Missouri, to Fayetteville, Arkansas, which was commonly referred to as the "Wire Road" following the stringing of a telegraph line along the route in 1860. During the Civil War, the Wire Road became a vitally important transportation route for both sides. The bloody battles at Wilson's Creek and Pea Ridge were fought at points along the Wire Road, as were hundreds of smaller engagements. In the six-year-old brick courthouse in Cassville, under the sheltering protection of Price's army, the "rebel legislature" again set to work. They passed an act reorganizing the State Guard and created ten military districts. Another confirmed the eight brigadier generals that Jackson had previously appointed. A bill was passed appropriating 10 million dollars for the defense of the state; Governor Jackson was authorized to raise this sum through the issuance of defense bonds. One controversial action taken by the legislature provided for the selection or representatives to the Confederate Congress. The assembly named two senators and seven representatives to serve until an election could be held and sent this slate to Jackson for his approval. Jackson signed the bill although, as a legalist, he knew that neither he nor the assembly had the right to appoint representatives. Under the state constitution, representatives were chosen by popular election, and senators were selected by the House of Representatives without the consent of the governor. As it was, no election could be held in Missouri due to wartime conditions, and most of the nine appointees served in the Confederate Congress during its entire existence. On November 3, 1861 Governor Jackson signed the Ordinance of Secession and the bill ratifying the Confederate Constitution and forwarded both to Richmond. The assembly adjourned on November 7, after resolving to meet in New Madrid on the first Monday in March, 1862. By that time, however, New Madrid was under siege by the Federals. No other session of the "Confederate General Assembly," was ever held. On November 28, 1861, the Confederate Congress passed the act admitting Missouri into the Confederacy as the twelfth Confederate state. This act, as it turned out, came to late to have any real effect on Union control of Missouri. Governor Jackson's hopes for a Confederate invasion of Missouri faded at the Battle of Pea Ridge in northwestern Arkansas on March 7-8, 1862. This major Confederate defeat doomed the fledgling Confederate state government to existence in perpetual exile. Governor Jackson would be dead of cancer before the year expired. His Lieutenant Governor, Thomas C. Reynolds, carried on the executive functions in various locations before finally establishing his capital-in-exile at Marshall, Texas, during the waning months of 1863.
Noted Civil War historian, Shelby Foote, described the lot of some 40,000 Missourians who followed the Confederate banner across battlefields far from home in the long years following the defeat at Pea Ridge that had secured a ravaged and war-torn Missouri for the Union:
Secession Convention at Neosho MO469
CIVIL WAR IN MISSOURI Directly in front of this marker, at the corner of Washington and Spring Streets, there stood in 1861 a two-story frame building that served as a Masonic Hall. In this building, known as Missouri's "first Confederate Capitol," there occurred a special session of the Twenty-first General Assembly, lasting from October 21 through October 28, 1861. At this extraordinary session an Ordinance of Secession was passed that, upon recognition by the Confederate government on November 28, 1861, made Missouri the twelfth Confederate state. At the same time, Missouri also had in place a provisional government that was loyal to the Union and was backed by federal military might. This government was created on July 23-31, 1861, by a state convention that met and declared all the executive offices of the state and seats of the General Assembly vacant. This convention then proceeded to put in place a provisional government to carry on the functions of state. Hamilton Gamble was selected to act as a provisional governor. Although the Unionest provisional government was originally intended to serve only until an election could be held to fill the vacated offices. This election, as it turned out, was postponed until November, 1864, due to wartime conditions in Missouri. Those senators and representatives who were able to evade federal capture and make their way to Neosho by October 21 heard a proclamation by Governor Clairborne Jackson that accused federal authorities of waging a ruthless war on the people of the state that in turn justified the people abandoning peaceful means in order to secure their constitutional rights. "War now exists between the State of Missouri and the Federal government, and a state of war is incompatible with the continuance of our union with that government. In a few days, those members of the General Assembly who reached Neosho took the preliminary steps toward secession, steps Governor Jackson had been hoping the assembly would take since his inauguration as governor in early 1861. Unfortunately for the Southern cause, this gesture came to late to dislodge Missouri's position in the Union. At nearly every step on the bumpy road to secession, Jackson and his fellow disunionists found themselves outmaneuvered by an aggressive Union faction centered in St. Louis. From the very beginning of his term as governor, Jackson felt that a breakup of the Union was inevitable. In his inaugural address on January 3, 8161, Jackson stated that Missouri, as a slave state, should stand by her sister states of the South. At that time he also called for a state convention to determine Missouri's relation to the Union. In issuing this call he badly misjudged the strength of disunionists sentiment in the border state. When the state convention met in spring, it not only reaffirmed Missouri's ties to the Union, it also took a firm stand against coercing the Southern states that had already seceded to rejoin the Union. In the wake of the "submission convention," Jackson experienced yet another disappointment in his efforts to lead Missouri down the path to secession when the General Assembly refused to pass a military bill to organize and equip a state guard. Jackson required a strong military force to back any steps taken to carry Missouri into the Confederacy. He also needed to secure the munitions necessary to equip an army. To this end he conspired with supporters to seize the St. Louis arsenal and its vast store of arms and munitions but was frustrated in this effort by alert Unionists. When Jackson angrily and defiantly refused to answer Lincoln's call for troops following the bombardment of Ft. Sumter. St. Louis Unionists filled the void by raising a force of 10,000 well-armed Home Guards, many of them German-Americans with previous military experience in their former homelands. On May 10, 1861, St. Louis Unionists troops surrounded and captured the First Brigade of the state militia at Camp Jackson in St. Louis, thereby depriving Jackson of his best-trained military force. This action shocked much of the state and helped to bring to a climax the confrontation between the pro-Southern and the Unionist elements of the state. In mid-May the General Assembly, at last driven to action by Camp Jackson "massacre," passed Jackson's Military Bill authorizing the formation of a state guard to resist federal aggression. A brief uneasy truce followed that ended abruptly on June 11, in an encounter at the Planters House Hotel in St. Louis. Here Jackson met with his federal adversaries, Frank P. Blair, Jr., and General Nathaniel Lyon, and attempted to forestall a direct confrontation with the Unionists long enough to finish organizing and equipping the State Guard. Suspecting Jackson's motives, Lyon would have none of this and announced to the governor that a state of war now existed between the federal and state governments.Three days later Lyon moved on Jefferson City and drove Jackson and his supporters from the capital city. Following a skirmish at Boonville, Jackson headed for the southwest section of the state where he made contact with Arkansas Confederates. On the way, his 6,000 State Guard troops, on July 5, scattered a smaller federal force at the Battle of Carthage. One month later, on August 11, assisted by the Arkansas State Guardsmen and Confederates, the Missouri State Guard defeated the Federal army at the Battle of Wilson's Creek; Lyon fell mortally wounded in the battle. The State Guard then marched north and won the Battle of Lexington on September 18-20, before being compelled by a large federal army to retreat back to southwest Missouri.While at Lexington, Jackson issued a call for the General Assembly to convene in special session at Neosho on October 21. During the first week of the Assembly little business was actually conducted. Those members present found it necessary to await the arrival of more senators and representatives in order to secure a quorum. No official roster of the members present was recorded nor did the Senate Journal list roll calls of the vote cast. This is probably because no quorum existed, although the point is moot on two grounds: first, the entire membership of the General Assembly had been deposed by the state convention and, second, the Confederacy recognized the actions of the Neosho/Cassville assembly as legal. In any event, the General Assembly went into session on October 28 and passed an ordinance of secession and an act ratifying the provisional constitution of the Confederate States of America. On October 29, the Assembly adjourned to meet on October 31 at the courthouse in Cassville. It was there that most of the business of the session was transacted. It was in Cassville, on November 3, that Governor Jackson affixed his signature to the acts drawn up in Neosho. A more detailed discussion of the accomplishments at Cassville are discussed on a marker in this series that is located in the courthouse square in Cassville.
"From July, 1861, until the end of the Civil War, there were two governments of Missouri. One, sitting in the regular state capitol at Jefferson City, was created under the stress of wartime necessity by a state convention, exercising vague and extraordinary powers. The other, composed of a number of the last regularly elected members of the old state government, became a fugitive government, dispossessed of both capital and state, moving from place to place."
Confederate Capitol of Missouri MO456
CAPITOL OF MISSOURI, WHEN ON OCTOBER 18, 1861, IN THE OLD MASONIC BUILDING ON THE NORTHEAST CORNER OF THE SQUARE. THE LEGISLATURE PASSED THE ORDINANCE OF SECESSION, SEPARATING MISSOURI FROM THE UNION.
The First Telegram MD43
The First Telegram "What Hath God Wrought" was Sent From The Capitol in Washington to Baltimore May 24 1844 over Wires Laid Along The Right Of Way of the B&O Railroad Adjacent to this Highway. The Telegraph Was Invented By Samuel F.B. Morse (1791-1872)
Norwood Tower TX4041
This building was once the tallest structure in Austin's downtown area other than the State Capitol. Dwarfed by other structures by the late 20th century, the Norwood Tower remains unique in its design and elaborate detailing. In 1925, Ollie O. Norwood (1887-1961) bought this site and hired the firm of Giesecke and Harris to design an office building. Bertram E. Giesecke (1892-1950) was the son of F.E. Giesecke, an architect, engineer and educator known for his experiments with reinforcing concrete. Bertram met August Watkins "Watt" Harris (1893-1968) in architecture school, and the men designed many buildings throughout Texas. The Gothic Revival tower, built of pre-cast concrete, features elaborate detailing, including a rose window, tracery, finials, gargoyles and a band of quatrefoils. Norwood Tower opened in 1929. Early tenants included Renfro Drugstore and numerous medical professionals, as well as long-standing area companies, such as Gracy Title Co., Elgin-Butler Brick and Brown & Root. Following two terms as Texas governor, Dan Moody operated his law firm in the building. The top two floors of the 16-story edifice provided space for residential living. The private office of longtime maintenance engineer Clarence O. Williams provided downtown restroom access to many African Americans during Austin's years of segregation. Throughout the building's history, various owners have maintained the landmark, renovated in the 1980s. The LBJ Holding Company purchased the property in 1997, and the architectural gem continues as an important link to Austin's early business history.
State Capitol NH1
The State Capitol Building of New Hampshire was built in 1816-19 by Stuart J. Park. It is constructed by New Hampshire granite quarried in Concord. The original part was occupied June 2, 1819 and is the Nation's oldest state capitol in which a legislature still meets in it's original chambers.
Capitol for a Day 1F25
On Sept. 21, 1807, the State Legislature met on this site, and immediately resolved to "adjourn forthwith from Kingston," to meet in Knoxville on the 23rd. This brief meeting was in technical fulfillment of terms in a treaty with the Cherokees by which the Indians relinquished the site of Southwest Point, ostensibly for locating the capitol at Kingston. Display # 11 - 20 of 205 |