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Fort Harrison V2
Fort Harrison served as one of the principal works in Richmond’s defenses during the Civil War. On 29 Sept. 1864, Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Butler’s Army of the James launched a two-pronged attack against Richmond’s defenses as Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant had ordered. While African American regiments assulted Confederate positions below New Market Heights to the east, Maj. Gen. Edward O.C. Ord led part of the XVIII Corps against Fort Harrison, located south of here. Captured after heavy resistance, the fort then became a Union stronghold. The next day, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee personally supervised several fierce counter-attacks to regain the position, but the Federals held on.
Hanover Junction E21
Two 19th-century railroads crossed at grade level just eat; the Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac and the Virginia Central, which ran west to the Shenandoah Valley, the Confederacy’s breadbasket during the Civil War. This junction attained strategic importance in 1864 as the railroads carried supplies to Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia. Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and the Army of the Potomac attempted to disrupt that traffic to hinder Lee and capture Richmond. The Confederates, however, successfully defended the junction during the North Anna River Campaign, 21-26 May 1864, and the Union army withdrew east to Cold Harbor.
Battle of Bethesda Church O12
Here stood Bethesda Church, founded about 1830 and used by Baptists and Disciples of Christ until it burned in 1868. In May 1864, during the Civil War, Maj. Gen. Gouverneru K Warren’s Corps formed the left flank of Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s Union line here, facing Gen Robert E. Lee’s army. On 30 May Lt. Gen Jubal A. Early’s attack on Warren’s position failed. Early attacked again on 2 June, but was beaten back by Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnsides’s IX Corps. The next day Grant assaulted the center of Lee’s line at Cold Harbor and was defeated with enormous losses.
The Chickahominy River & Seven Days' Battles E11
During the Civil War’s Seven Days’ Battles from 25 June to 1 July 1862, many engagements occurred along and near the Chickahominy River. Union Maj. Gen. George B. McClellen led the Army of the Potomac. His goal was to capture the Confederate capital city of Richmond, defended by Gen. Robert E. Lee. Battles fought near the river include Beaver Dam Creek (Mechanicsville) on 26 June, Gaines’s Mill on 27 June, and Savage’s Station on 29 June. These and other battles encouraged McClellan to retreat to Harrison’s Landing and ended the immediate threat to the capital city.
Maneuvering to the North Anna River E27
Unable to defeat Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Confederates during the Spotsylvania Courthouse battles 8-19 May 1864. Union commander Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s forces maneuvering east and south, forcing Lee to abandon his entrenched position. The Confederates moved south along Telegraph Road (now U.S. Rte. 1) on 21 May. Union troops, marching along a parallel route, missed a golden opportunity to strike Lee’s army. The Federals fell in behind the Confederates near this point and followed them to the North Anna River. On 22 May a portion of Union Maj. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren’s V Corps passed through here and camped nearby that night. During the Battle of the North Anna River 23-26 May. Confederate and Union forces fought to a stalemate.
Stanard's Mill E35
Unable to defeat the Confederates at Spotsylvania Courthouse, on 21 May 1864 Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant ordered the Army of the Potomac to march toward Bowling Green. Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside’s Ninth Corps brough up the rear. Grant ordered Burnside to pursue the Confederates down Telegraph Road (present day U.S. Rte. 1), while the rest of the army struck at Robert E. Lee’s troops from the east. Burnside encountered a small entrenched Confederate force at the Po River here at Stanard’s Mill. Uncertain of the enemy’s strength, he did not attempt to force a crossing, but instead reversed course, following the rest of the army to Guinea Station.
Gettysburg Campaign PA2039
The farthest north attained by any organized body of the confederate army of General Robert E. Lee was reached here at the farm of Joseph Miller on the morning of June 28, 1863. Hearing that Sterrett's Gap was occupied by Union troops, these outpost returned to their command at Carlisle. From these hills the tide of Confederate invation receded destined never to return.
Stewart Lee House SA44
Built in 1844 for Norman Stewart, a Scottish tobacco merchant, the house was rented from his nephew, John Stewart, by Gen. Robert E. Lee’s family during the Civil War. Following Lee’s surrender at Appomattox, he lived here for just over two months. in 1893 John Stewart’s widow and daughters donated the house to the Virginia Historical Society, which occupied it until 1958. Subsequently, it was used by the Museum of the Confederacy and Historic Richmond Foundation. The building, the sole survivor of Stewart’s Row, is one of the finest Greek revival town houses in the city.
Battle of Palmito Ranch TX327
The last land engagement of the Civil War was fought near this site on May 12-13, 1865, thirty-four days after Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox. Col. Theodore H. Barrett commanded Federal troops on Brazos Island 12 miles to the east. The Confederates occupied Fort Brown 12 miles to the west, commanded by Gen. James E. Slaughter and Col. John S. (Rip) Ford, whose troops had captured Fort Brown from the Federals in 1864. Ordered to recapture the fort, Lt. Col. David Branson and 300 men advanced from Brazos Island. They won a skirmish with Confederate pickets on May 12. Barrett reinforced Branson's troops with 200 men on May 13 and renewed the march to Fort Brown. Confederate cavalry held the Federals in check until Ford arrived with reinforcements that afternoon. Ford's artillery advanced and fired on the northern end of the Federal line while the cavalry charged. The Confederate right charged the southern end of the Federal line and captured part of the Union infantry. Barrett ordered a retreat toward the U.S. position on Brazos Island. While the Confederates reported no fatalities in the Battle of Palmito Ranch, the Union forces reported four officers and 111 men killed, wounded or missing.
Binion Homestead TX7341
Georgia natives Thomas Noel Binion (1827-1900) and Pauline Walker Binion (1829-1915) migrated to Texas after the Civil War. They moved to the Oxford community in Grayson County where they purchased this 107-acre farm in 1871. Thomas and Pauline reared four children here: Zeph (1856-1928), Homer (1865-1926), Robert E. Lee "Eddie" (1869-1945), and Sarah (1872-1955). After Thomas and Pauline died, they were buried in the family cemetery northwest of their homestead. The farm was inherited by their children. Eddie Binion became a merchant in nearby Pilot Grove, but moved back to the family homestead with his sister Sarah after the death of his wife. Eddie raised sugar cane and operated a syrup mill here from the turn of the century until the 1940s. The mill first used mules to operate the crusher, and wood fires to cook the molasses. When fuel oil and coal were readily available in the 1920s, a piston engine replaced the mule, and coal replaced the wood fires. During the Depression years, cane continued to arrive but money to purchase coal and fuel oil diminished. The mule was reinstated, but the Binion Syrup Mill foundered in the 1940s. The mill was dismantled and the iron and steel sold for use in World War II. Display # 91 - 100 of 150 |