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Boone's Mill IL99
Thy Wondrous Story, Illinois IL54
The fertile prairies of Illinois attracted the attention of French trader Louis Jolliet and father Jacques Marquette as they explored the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers in 1673. France claimed this region until 1763 when she surrendered it to Great Britain by the Treaty of Paris. During the American Revolution George Rogers Clark and his small army scored a bloodless victory when they captured Kaskaskia for the Commonwealth of Virginia. This area was ceded to the United States in 1784, and became in turn part of the Northwest Territory and the Indiana and Illinois Territories. On December 3, 1818, Illinois entered the Union as the twenty-first state. US 30 passes through historic territory. The old Sauk Trail roughly parallels US 30 from the Indiana Line to Joliet. the Potawatomi hunted in this area for at least a century before the coming of the settlers. The Indians used hickory wood in making bows and arrows and camped frequently in the Hickory Creek area. Settlers came into this region in the 1820's and communities on or north of US 30 trace their origin to the Hickory Creek settlement. An Indian village in the vicinity of Plainfield attracted Jesse Walker, pioneer Methodist circuit rider, in 1826. This dedicated missionary, known as 'Father Walker' and as the 'Daniel Boone of Methodism,' held the first camp meeting in the state in 1807 near Edwardsville. He died in 1835 after a long and effective career. He is buried in Plainfield.
Graham Cave - History MO70
Missouri, widely known as "The Cave State", derives this designation from both fact and fiction. In 1804, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark encountered their first cave in what would become Missouri shortly after departing from Saint Charles. Mark Twain later enhanced the state's cave legendary with the fictional adventures of Tom Sawyer, Becky Thatcher and Huckleberry Finn in McDougal's Cave (now Mark Twain Cave) near Hannibal. The state, however, probably earned its nickname for the sheer number of caves within its boundaries. With the addition of more than 100 new caverns each year to Missouri's geologic register, the state now claims over 5,500 recorded caves. Only Kentucky can boast more. Nestled in the hills above the Loutre River in Montgomery County, lies one of the state's most significant caves, in Graham Cave State Park. The main feature of the park was formed at the point of contact between Jefferson City dolomite and St. Peter sandstone. Gradual water flowing through the sandstone, along with a combined action of wind and freezing, worked to make a relatively large cave. The cave originally extended about 100 feet into the hill, but an accumulation of debris over the years filled the lower part of the cave with about seven feet of deposits. An arch like entrance, 120 feet wide and 16 feet high, provided human and animals with easy access to shelter. Graham Cave is named after the first settler who owned the land. In 1816 Robert Graham bought some bottom land along the Loutre River from Daniel Boone's son, Daniel Morgan Boone, and in 1847 purchased the property that contained the cave. It remained in the Graham family until its transfer to the state of Missouri in 1964. Graham's son, D.F. Graham, used the cave to shelter his hogs, but also became interested in archaeology and artifacts that he found in the cave. After his death, his son, Benjamin offered his father's collection of artifacts to the University of Missouri, which spawned archaeological interest in professors Jesse Wrench and J. Brewton Berry. Wrench and Berry visited the cave to assess its archaeological potential in 1930. Archaeological activity remained dormant after their visit until 1948. Benjamin's daughter, Frances, married Ward Darnell, who, in 1948, attempted to expand the opening using a bulldozer. As he worked to clear extra space for hay and farm machinery, the farmer unearthed arrowheads, spear points, pottery chips, and what appeared to be human bones. Fortuitously, Mr. Darnell halted work and contacted Carl Chapman, a prominent archaeologist at the University of Missouri. Artifacts revealed that these early native Americans depended mainly on hunting and fishing for food using spears as weapons. They occupied the cave seasonally and apparently believed in the supernatural. A ring of rocks that encircle a large stone, believed to be a council ring, was found in the cave and suggests that they held ceremonies. Pieces of pottery found in the cave indicate it was also occupied by a more recent culture of Native Americans. Graham Cave provided ready-made housing for man for about 10,000 years. The cave slowly filled with deposits of dust from the wind, sand from the dwelling, and debris left by man living there. This remarkable record of the lives of man is particularly good from about 10,000 to 4,000 years ago. As a result of these important archaeological findings, Graham Cave was the first archaeological site in the United States to be designated a National Historic Landmark in 1961. Frances Graham Darnell donated the cave and land to the state in 1964 to create a state park. After acquisition of the cave by the state park system, excavations were done in 1966 to clean up the area and provide additional research. Since then, excavations have not been conducted in order to preserve the remaining deposits. Today, an accessible trail leads to the entrance of the cave, where interpretive signs point out some of these interesting discoveries.
Boone's Lick Trail - circa 1800 MO41
Daniel Boone first blazed this trail following old Indian paths to a salt spring near Booneville, Mo. In 1806 Boone's sons, Nathan and Daniel Morgan, moved to the salt springs near Boonville to harvest salt for pioneers. Salt, essential for the preservation of meat, sold for $4 a bushel. Nathan helped survey and straighten the trail, renaming it the Boone's Lick Road. It became a state road in 1827. Boone's Lick became the first westward passage to the Oregon, Santa Fe Trail and California Trail. On April 14, 1849, the St. Charles Western Star predicted, "thirty thousand pioneers will use this route to get to the California Gold Rush in the next three months. [Note: Suggest readers refer to other Boone information about this Trail. This marker is slightly misleading, i.e. Daniel Boone was denied his Spanish land Granted by the Spanish Government and the American Government in 1804. He did not live with his wife; Daniel moved into Nathans home (near current Defiance, Mo) and Rebecca moved in with their daughter Jemima Boone Callaway near the current town of Dutzow, Mo. Which implies they could not care for themselves, and Daniel was 70 years old in 1804 could he be blazing a trail? JRK 5-23-'06]
St. Charles MO38
First permanent settlement on the Missouri River, known as Les Petites Cotes (Fr. Little Hills) until after dedication of Church of St. Charles Borromeo, 1791. Though 1780 is is given as date of founding French-Canadian Louis Blanchette first settled here in 1769. The area was first settled by the French and later largely by Americans and Germans. Prominent early settlers were Daniel Boone and his family. Some 25 miles southwest is home of Boone's son Nathan. The Boone's Lick Trail and Salt Lick Trail began at St. Charles. During the War of 1812 military activity in Missouri centered at Portage des Sioux, a 1799 French settlement, 14 miles northeast. In Fort Zumwalt State Park, 20 miles west, stand the remains of one of many family forts on the area erected against Indian attacks. Here were established the first school of the Sacred Heart in the U.S., 1818, by Mother Duchesne; Baptist and Presbyterian churches, 1818; first Masonic lodge north of Missouri River, 1819; a town academy, chartered, 1820; a newspaper, "The Missourian," 1820; and the Methodist St. Charles College, chartered, 1837. St. Charles was made the temporary State capital, 1821-1826, by act of the First General Assembly, meeting in St. Louis, 1820. Here the Legislature, by affirming in a "Solemn Public Act" that the rights of any U.S. citizen would not be abridged, met the final Congressional requirement for statehood. Debate over the slavery issue that greeted Missouri's petition for statehood resolved itself in the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Slavery was prohibited north of 36° 30' except in Missouri. On Aug. 10, 1821, Missouri became the 24th state. Near here is the junction of the Missouri and Mississippi. Marquette and Jolliet noted this point, 1673, and here the Lewis and Clark Expedition began its ascent of the Missouri, 1804. Three Bridges cross the Missouri and two the Mississippi in St. Charles County. Seat of justice for one of Missouri's 5 counties, earlier one of 5 Spanish districts, St. Charles serves a farming and industrial area. Here are the old Capital; Sacred Heart Convent; St. Charles Borromeo Cemetery; and Lindenwood College, chartered, 1835, founded earlier by George and Mary Sibley, one of the oldest schools for women in Mississippi Valley.
Gasconade County Courthouse MO32
Gasconade County was created by an act of Missouri legislature, November 25, 1820. Daniel Morgan Boone, son of Daniel Boone, was appointed the First Commissioner of the county to locate the site for the county seat and county jail. Gasconade City was selected as the first county seat. In 1825 the seat was moved to Bartonville in what is now Osage County, the county seat was moved to Mount Sterling in 1828, and in 1842 it was moved to Hermann, at which time the first building was built on this site. The present building was dedicated in 1898. This building was a gift by Charles D. Eitzen, a local merchant, who left $50,000 in his will for the new building. It is believed to be the only courthouse in the United States built entirely with private funds.
Simon Kenton's Birthplace F14
Near Hopewell Gap, five miles west, Simon Kenton was born, 1755. Leaving home in 1771, he became an associate on Daniel Boone and George Rogers Clark in Indian fighting. He won fame as a scout and as one of the founders of Kentucky. Kenton died in Ohio in 1836.
Moores Fort X18
Near here, on Clinch River, stood Moore's Fort. Daniel Boone, on his way to Kentucky with a party of settlers, stopped here for some time. On September 29, 1774, Indians made an attack here from ambush, killing John Duncan.
Colter's Landing, Boeuf Creek MO14
Colter's Landing Access SCOUTING AND HUNTING ON SHORE "May the 26th Sattarday 1804. Set out at 7 oClock after a heavy shour of rain. (George Drewyer & John Shields, Sent by Land with the two horses with directions to proceed on one day & hunt the next)...great Deal of Deer Sign on the Bank, one man out hunting".....William Clark
His (John Colter's) veracity was never questioned among us and his character was that of a true American backwoodsman. He was about thirty-five years of age, five feet ten inches in height and wore an open, ingenious, and pleasing countenance of the Daniel Boone stamp. Nature had formed him, like Boone, for hardy endurance of fatigue, privations and perils. Lewis and Clark's adventure went beyond boats on the river. A shore party with hunters on horses ranged a fair distance from the river. Private John Colter and other scouts moved ahead of the boats, warning of hazards, identifying campsites and foraging for game and camp supplies. The river and times called for extreme adventurers, so Lewis and Clark recruited skilled backwoodsmen. William Clark enlisted strong men who were expert hunters and guides, accustomed to hardship. Selected as one of the nine young men from Kentucky, Colter started out as a boatman, but was more talented as a scout. He became a valued hunter, woodsman and negotiator with the native tribes. As the expedition returned, Colter went west to join the fur trade, then later worked with Clark to complete the expedition's maps. After becoming one of the first mountain men, Colter returned to Missouri in 1810 and farmed along Boeuf Creek. Colter traveled this creek, hunting and fishing along its banks, near the trails of today's adventurers.
Montgomery County MO13
One of the first settled areas north of the Missouri (River), Montgomery County was an early gateway to the Boone's Lick Country. Organized, 1818, and named for Gen. Richard Montgomery, it was a vast area and first two county seats, Pinckney and Lewiston, lay in what is now Warren County. Danville, the third county seat, was succeeded, 1924, by Montgomery City, founded 1857, when the North Missouri R.R.(Wabash)reached there. Historic Danville, founded 1833-34, was a prominent town on the Boone's Lick Trail and popular stops were See-Nunnelly and Fulkerson taverns. J.H. Robinson's Female Academy, 1857-65, was a noted early school. The Academy Chapel, built in 1859, is now a Methodist Church. In the Civil War, Danville was looted and burned, Oct.14, 1864, by Bill Anderson's guerrillas. This severe blow and not being on the railroad resulted finally in the loss of the county seat, after a long struggle, to Montgomery City. The county was surveyed by Nathan and Daniel Morgan Boone, sons of Daniel Boone. Daniel M. lived near Mineola for a time and another son, Jesse, settled near Danville. In a grain and livestock farming region, Montgomery County lies in territory ceded by Sac and Fox Indians in 1804, the first Indian land cession in Missouri. Southern pioneers who followed Daniel Boone to MO. made the county's first settlement on Loutre Island at the mouth of Loutre River on the Missouri, 1807. A number of Germans, the followers of Gottfried Duden, came in the 1830's. The Loutre (Otter) River, long known to French trappers, was first named Fouchure (Forking) by explorer De Bourgmond, 1714. The Lewis and Clark Expedition camped at the river's mouth, 1804. In the War of 1812, rangers were stationed at Fort Clemson on Loutre Island. Indians killed Captain James Callaway near Danville, 1815. Mineola, to the south, was laid out as a spa in 1879, near a mineral spring where Isaac Van Bibber had settled, 1815, and built a tavern on the Boone's Lick Trail. Graham Cave, at Mineola, has been utilized by man since prehistoric times. Astronomer Thomas J.J. See was born in Montgomery City and Supreme Court Justice Walker J. Lovelace made his home in Danville. Display # 31 - 40 of 59 |