Stuart's Ride Around McClellan WO14
J. E. B. Stuart, on his famous ride around McClellan’s army, June 12-15, 1862, arrived here in the early night of June 13, coming from Hanover Courthouse. He rested here several hours and then pressed on to the Chickahominy River, rejoining Lee’s army on June 15.

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Mt. Zion & Rustic CC9
These communities were established on opposite banks of Morris Creek, earlier known as Tanks Pasbye hayes the Indian name, Moyses Creek after Theodore Moyses who patented land there, and as Moses Creek. Before 1720 this area was part of James City County and Wallingford Parish. During the 1700s several homes of the Dancy family stood nearby. Micah Church (est. 1850) and the post office at Appearson’s Store (1850-71), later the store of Graham Walker, Sr., were also located in this area. Mt. Zio Church moved here in the 1880s from a location along present-day Route 5 and the present architecture was erected on the site of El Bethel Methodist Church. Local schools included Walkers and Mt. Zion. The surviving schoolhouse was built in 1915 through the efforts of the Home Mission Society. A landing on the Chickahominy River was known as Little Egypt. Prominent homes are located north of Morris Creek include Eagles Nest, Cary Hill, Forest Level and Mt. Airy, a seat of the Southall family. South of Morris Creek were

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Sandy Point & Cherry Hall CC8
Originally home to the Paspahegh Indians, Sandy Point was settled in 1617 as Smith’s Hundred and after 1619 known as Southampton Hundred. St. Mary’s Church was established here prior to the Powhatan Uprising of 1622. During the Revolutionary War local militia units were encamped on the James River. Prominent area homes have included Tettington and Tomahund, seats of the Lightfoot family, Byrdwood and The Rowe. Landmarks have included the Trees Point and Old Field and schools at Banbury Farm (est. 1878) and Renwood (est. 1910). A ferry crossed the James from Sandy Point until 1942, and nearby Barrett’s Ferry crossed the Chickahominy River until 1939. A store at Sandy Point wharf stood until ca. 1955. Inland from the James River during the 1800s, the cross-roads community that developed near Cherry Hall Plantation included Graves’ Shop and Rural Shades Academy. Nearby stood the first Lower Church of Westover Parish (ca. 1735-1805) and Jersualem Church (est. 1877). The store of W. T. Haynes served this community

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Binns Hall CC11
This community was named for the structure which housed the store, post office and dance hall, built in 1886 by O.P. Binns at the terminus of an old road that led to the Chickahominy River farms Cedar Forest, Cyprus Banks, the home of the Stubblefield family, and Mattahunk, an early seat of the Duke family. The road also led to a gristmill and tobacco warehouses. Landmarks of Binns Hall have included Liberty Baptist Church (est. 1869), Gill’s Store, Piney Grove Store, the Order of St. Luke Hall and two one-room schools, Binns Hall and Clay Yard. Prominent area homes include Mosside, Piney Grove and two homes once owned by the Vaiden family, Popular Springs and Meadow Springs. No longer standing are the original residences at Browns Quarter, Cool Springs, Myrtle Hill, and the plantation of Furneau Southall, Deputy-Sheriff of Charles City County during the late eighteenth century.

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Route To White Oak Swamp and Malvern Hill W13
After crossing the chickahominy River to the north at Grapevine Bridge, portions of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan’s retreating Union army destroyed the bridge and moved southeast along this road on 28 June 1862. After rebuilding the bridge the next day, Maj. Gen. Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson’s command (which included his own division and those of General Richard S. Ewell, William H. C. Whiting, and Daniel H. Hill) began crossing early in the morning of 30 June. Under orders to clear the enemy from the woods south of the Chickahominy and to follow McClellan’s retreating army, Jackson’s men captured numerous prisoners as they advanced along this road.

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Sheridan Maneuvers East E3
In 1864, Brook Road provided the most direct avenue of approach from the north for Union cavalry raids on Richmond. After defeating Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart’s Confederate cavalry at Yellow Tavern, four miles north of here, on 11 May 1864, Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan penetrated Richmond’s outer defensive line on the heights above Brook Run, a half mile north. Advancing southward on Brook Road, Sheridan’s force encountered Richmond’s inner defensive line, near present day Union Theological Seminary. There he met strong resistance from a combined force of regular infantry and local defense troops. On the morning of 12 May, Sheridan moved his force to the northeast and retired across the Chickahominy River.

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Uttamusack OC31
Nearby on the Pamunkey River was the location of paramount chief Powhatan's primary temple site, Uttamusack, the spiritual center of the Powhatan Indians. On the site stood a holy house for Powhatan, and two additional temples also used for ceremonies. Seven priests, who also served as councillors to the paramount chief, cared for the house and temples. Only priests and chiefs were allowed in or near the holy houses. No further information about Uttamusack was recorded after 1609 in colonial records, when Powhatan moved his primary residence from Werowocomoco on the York River to Orapax on the Chickahominy River.

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Glendale (Frayser's Farm) PA159
In this vicinity, the Union Army of the Potomac made a stand on 30 June 1862, during its retreat from the Chickahominy River toward the James River. Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan posted several Union divisions facing east and north to protect this intersection, known locally as Riddell’s Shop. In the ensuing battle, Confederate divisions commanded by Major Generals James Longstreet and A. P. Hill attacked the Union divisions of Brig. Gen. George A. McCall and Maj. Gen. Philip Kearney. The action became hand-to-hand, the two sides fighting with bayonets while they struggled for possession of the Union artillery station nearby. Late in the battle, McCall was captured near here by soldiers of the 47th Virginia Infantry. The Union line held, enabling McClellan to continue his retreat.

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Sandy Point & Cherry Hall NNO3662
Originally Home to the Paspehegh Indians, Sandy Point was settled in 1617 as Smith’s Hundred and after 1619 known as Southampton Hundred. St. Mary’s Church was established here prior to the Powhatan Uprising of 1622. During the Revolutionary War, local militia units were encamped on the James River. Prominent area homes have included Tettington and Thomahund, seats of the Lightfoot family, Byrdwood and The Rowe. Landmarks have included the Trees Point Pottery, Bethany Church (est. 1869), post offices at Tettington, Trees Point and Old Field, and schools at Banbury Farm (est. 1878) and Renwood (est. 1910). A ferry crossed the James from Sandy Point until 1942, and nearby Barrett’s Ferry crossed the Chickahominy River until 1939. A store at the Sandy Point wharf stood until ca. 1955. Inland from the James River during the 1800s, the cross-roads community that developed near Cherry Hall Plantation included Graves’ Shopt and Rural Shades Academy. Nearby stood the first Lower Church of Westover Parish (ca. 1735-18

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Seven Days' Battles New Bridge PA12
Leading up to and during the Seven Days’ Battles from 25 June to 1 July 1862, bridges and roads played an important role in the movement of the Union and Confederate armies. New Bridge on the Chickahominy River was 1.5 miles south of here, and was one of the most important of the many river crossings. Union army troops marched through this region to Mechanicsville on 24 May 1862. Confederate Maj. Gens. James Longstreet’s and Ambrose P. Hill’s divisions used the New Bridge on 29 June 1862 as they moved south toward Glendale where they fought elements of Maj. Gen. George B. McClelllans’s Army of the Potomac the next day.

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